• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    This invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating steam in an autoclave (1) for sterilizing medical and dental instruments. The steam generator (2) comprises an inlet (3) for the water and an outlet (4) for the steam and is characterized in that it comprises three coaxial areas, one inserted in the other in the following order: an outer casing ( 7), an inner casing (8) with grooves (12) for the passage of the water and then the steam, a resistor (6) mounted inside the inner casing (8).
    公开号:AT14061U1
    申请号:TGM73/2014U
    申请日:2014-02-18
    公开日:2015-03-15
    发明作者:Angelo Bellosi；Massimo Mascagni；Daniele Tosi
    申请人:Mocom S R L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The invention relates to an autoclave for sterilizing surgical and / or dental instruments, and more particularly to a steam generating system for this autoclave.
    More generally, two types are distinguished in the steam generator sector for an autoclave: the first type is a combined steam generator in which the water is passed into a tank and heated to the boiling point. The steam generated thereby is subsequently conveyed to the point of use. The second type is an instant version in which there is no sump and the water - by virtue of a circulation inside a warm body - immediately turns to steam.
    The steam generator of this invention may be an instant steam generator. In the medical and dental field - to avoid the transmission of infections between the individual patients - sterile instruments are to be used. One of the most commonly used solution for sterilizing the instruments consists of a Wasserdampfauto¬klav.
    The first problem of the autoclave with steam generation is associated with the length of Sterilisie¬rungszyklus composed of different phases: a) the removal of air from the sterilization chamber; B) the generation of steam; C) the introduction of the steam into the sterilization chamber; D) the contact between the steam and the objects to be sterilized for a defined period of time; E) the steam outlet of the sterilization chamber; F) the drying of the sterilized objects.
    The contact time between the objects to be sterilized and the steam is prescribed by international standards. Now, if one wishes to shorten the total time of the sterilization cycle, it seems clear that one must apply it to the other phases and, in particular, to the phase of steam production, which is normally one of the phases which requires the most time.
    The second problem of the present autoclave is that - although the use of distilled water is prescribed - often water of insufficient quality and even simple water from the water supply network is used, which leads to Kalkab¬lagerungen and other residues inside the steam generator thereby making steam generation less efficient. This makes it necessary to periodically clean the machine to remove the limescale deposits.
    The third problem is due to the dimensions of the generator, which must be compact, because the generator is installed in an autoclave of very reduced dimensions, especially in dental autoclave or autoclave intended for practical use. Finally, the generator must also have a limited cost.
    [0014] The present invention provides a device delivery and a method of improving the steam generation phase to minimize the sterilization cycle as much as possible by making the vapor generation phase more efficient.
    This object is achieved by a device and a method having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous forms of realization as well as improvements are described in the associated patent claims relating thereto.
    The purpose is achieved by a steam generator having an external casing as well as an internal body which in turn contains a resistor which is not in direct contact with the water and in which the water follows a course with repeated changes of direction so that the one discharged from the resistor thermal energy can best be exploited. These changes of direction allow a reduction of the speed of the water flow and an easier transfer of the heat from the resistance to the water. In addition, the method used to feed the generator increases the efficiency of the entire steam generation process. Overall, the building characteristics of this steam generator, together with the method used for its feed, allow for a reduction of the steam generation phase of about 20-50% compared to a traditional instant steam generator.
    The steam generator of this invention appears particularly compact and easy and quick to disassemble for the maintenance of the autoclave, thanks to a screw connection together with an O-ring as a seal.
    The steam generator of this invention also allows a simple and economically advantageous production.
    The further advantages and characteristics of this invention are explained in the following description, which also comprises an exemplifying embodiment of the invention in detail according to the following drawings: Figure 1 Perspective drawing of the autoclave in its entirety; Figure 2 Side view of the steam generator exterior of this invention; [0022] FIG. 3 Perspective drawing of the steam generator, in which the inner region is indicated by a dashed line; Figure 4 Cross-section of the steam generator, with a continuous plane for the
    Axis of the steam generator; Figure 5A Perspective drawing of the inner casing of the generator; [0025] FIG. 5B shows a perspective drawing of the inner region of the generator, in which the water / steam flow is indicated; Figure 6 block diagrams of the generator control.
    Figure 1 shows a typical autoclave for sterilizing medical and / or dental instruments.
    Figure 2 shows the steam generator of this invention, in which Figure 2 illustrates the steam generator in its entirety; 3 shows the water inlet and 4 the steam outlet. The bold arrows indicate the flow direction. In addition, there are two elements 5 for fixing the steam generator to the frame of the autoclave and a resistor 6 for heating the water. The steam generator 2 may be an instant steam generator.
    In Figure 3, it can be seen that the generator 2 of this invention consists of two separate, closely contacting parts: an outer sheath 7 (marked by the continuous line) and an inner sheath 8 (by the dashed line) te line marked). The inner casing 8 is screwed inside the casing 7 by means of a thread 9, which is better seen in Figure 5A. In order to obtain a perfect seal of the group shell 8 - inner housing 8 ', in the preferred embodiment two O-rings 10 are present. However, it is also possible to obtain a seal by other systems, e.g. through a compression ring made of heat-resistant material.
    The casing 7 and the inner casing 8 in the preferred embodiment have been realized from appropriately processed, anodised aluminum.
    The resistor 6 is inserted in the interior into a seat 11 which is provided in the housing 8. This attachment of the resistor is particularly advantageous because the water completely surrounds the block - interior housing and the heat generated by the resistor 6 is not lost to the outside.
    On the inner housing 8, a plurality of grooves 12 and columns 13 is provided. The grooves are round, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the housing 8. The gaps 13 are rectilinear and mounted parallel to the axis of the housing 8. The passage from one groove to the other is possible through the gaps 13. The connection of the sheath 7 and the inner housing 8 defines a labyrinthine course for the water / steam, whereby only water / steam can pass through inside the grooves 12 and the gaps 13, which are defined by the connection of the two bodies.
    In Figure 5B, first the course of water and then the course of the vapor, during its passage, which consists of the grooves 12 and the columns 13, is shown. For the sake of simplicity, the bold arrow shows only half the distance. Each groove 12 shows only a column 13 which shows the passage of the water / vapor from one groove to the next. In the preferred embodiment, the columns 12 are shifted by 180 ° C.
    These alternatingly attached columns 13 first force the water and subsequently the steam to a passage with repeated changes of direction, thanks to which the Kon¬taktzeit between the water and, heated by the resistor 6 housing 8 is increased.
    The spiral pass, i. without change of direction compared to the axis of the housing 8, in fact is less advantageous for the higher velocity of the flow that is generated and consequently leads to a lower contact time between water and Widerstand. In addition, there is the disadvantage here that hissing noises are generated by the steam flow.
    Figure 4 shows the geometry and placement of grooves 12 and columns 13. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the grooves and the slits have the same dimensions and a uniform spacing: but one can differentiate the spacing of the grooves and the slits and their cross section by realizing progressively increasing or decreasing dimension chambers to the steam outlet 4 Siert.
    In particular, grooves and crevices (also called voids in general) with a width narrowing towards the end region (steam exit port) could be useful if one wanted to achieve higher pressure inside the generator than would be possible with constant width cavities. The passage distance to the end region would thereby reduce the medium velocity while increasing the pressure; in this way, the heating element has a higher contact time with the water and can thus ensure higher efficiency. This solution could be an improvement in the case of reduced outputs of the generator as well as in the case where more compact dimensions are required. In this way, the benefits would be a little lower, but you would also achieve a reduction in costs and a lower power consumption.
    On the other hand, in the case of an increasing width of the cavity to the end region (steam outlet opening), one would also achieve an increase in the medium velocity by the fact that the passage of water into steam a significant expansion of the volume, the use of larger-width cavities ( even to vie¬les) would justify the end of the generator. Increasing the volume of the cavities would not have to be proportional to the real increase in the volume of water in steam trains, but should be sufficient to allow freer flow and, consequently, a higher velocity, i. To ensure performance in comparison with the realization with cavities with constant dimensions. This solution necessitates a higher development of the generator due to the larger width of the cavities compared to the standard dimensions.
    The screw connection allows - together with the O-ring as a seal between the casing 7 and the inner housing - a very convenient disassembly of the Generator2 to remove any lime deposits and / or residues.
    The steam generator 2 is mounted inside the autoclave 1 so that its longitudinal axis is vertically aligned and the water inlet is at the bottom. In this way, gravity allows the water to be separated from the steam and the vapor to be rejected inside the generator 2 make it more efficient.
    To increase the efficiency of the steam generator when it is mounted inside the autoclave 1, the exterior of the generator 2 has also been clad with a layer of insulating material (not shown).
    The best efficiency of the steam generator is obtained by metering the amount of water at the inlet of the generator 2 accordingly. In front of the generator 2 is a pump which doses with high precision the amount of water that is introduced into the generator 2.
    In the autoclave 1, a control system is present, which intera¬giert with a temperature probe, which is positioned on the casing 7 and detects the temperature. The control system serves to keep the temperature of the jacket as constant as possible and, due to the detected temperature, it compensates for the amount of water at the inlet which would lead to a reduction of the temperature as well as the power delivered by the resistor 6, which would increase the temperature. out. The amount of water at the inlet is set by a pump (not shown), which delivers very small, defined amounts of water. The flow chart of Figure 6 allows an indication of the fine adjustment of the steam generator inside the generator 2.
    [0044] In practical terms, the steam generation method includes the following phases: - Water inlet into the generator 2 through the inlet 3, by means of a pump (not shown); - Evaporation by contact with the inner housing 8, which is heated by the resistor 6; - Measurement of the temperature of the sheath 7; If the temperature of the jacket 7 is higher than the value set in advance, the amount of cold water at the inlet is increased and / or the power of the resistor 6 is reduced in accordance with a defined setting algorithm; If the temperature of the jacket 7 is lower than the preset value, the amount of cold water at the inlet is reduced and / or the power of the resistor 6 is increased in accordance with a similar but opposite adjustment algorithm. The water is introduced into the interior of the steam generator 2 through the water inlet 3 by means of a vibration pump.
    In the prior art, a normal low voltage vibrating pump is fed through the network by means of a voltage transformer. An electromagnetic system of the pump and a diode regulating AC mains current produce in the pump the axial movement of a piston (vibration) which, together with corresponding springs and lateral control valves, pumps the medium. For this reason, the vibration pump is a pumping system with a piston which performs a "stroke" during the active electromagnetic phase and the "return" (suction) during the passive electromagnetic phase. The time necessary for the individual complete "strokes" of the piston depends on the "period" of the voltage of the electrical network (for example 20 ms at 50 Hz). Since the amount of fluid being pumped must be controlled, it is normal to use the timed activation of the pump for short periods of time, with a minimum interval, which is normally 0.1 s (corresponding to 5 pump cycles).
    Nevertheless, the controllable by this system minimum amount of water still seem too high and therefore does not allow optimal control of steam generation. For this reason, the control of the pump has been modified.
    In this invention, the control circuit of the pump is able to control the flow of current inside the inductor winding of the pump to detect, by a sudden increase in the current intensity, the arrival of the stop on the inner piston. This allows the supply voltage fluctuations to be compensated and at the same time ensure the complete rash of the piston. The control of the individual Kolbenhü¬be allows a much more precise control of the performance of the medium, which is introduced into the Dampf¬generator. A vibratory pump operating with this circuit practically turns into an injector which can inject very precise and small amounts of medium, which corresponds to a single stroke of the piston.
    If the water requirement on the part of the system is very high, the number of pumping operations per second can be brought to the same value of the traditional operation with a mains alternating voltage.
    Knowing the pumped amount of water for each individual piston stroke, one can use the same circuit to inject predefined quantities of water into the interior of the generator simply by counting the number of injections.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    Claims 1. Steam generator (2) for a steam autoclave (1) for the sterilization of medical and dental instruments, comprising an inlet (3) for the water and an outlet (4) for the steam, characterized in that it comprises three coaxial areas , which are inserted in one another in the following order, comprises: - an outer casing (7) - an inner casing (8) having grooves (12) and gaps (13) for the passage of the water and subsequently the steam; - A resistor (6) which is mounted inside the inner housing (8);
    [2]
    2. steam generator (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Innengehäu¬se (8) a plurality of grooves (12) and columns (13) is arranged, that the grooves (12) round, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the inner housing (8), that the gaps (13) are rectilinear and parallel to the axis of the inner housing (8), and that the gaps (13) form a passage from one groove (12) to another groove (12). 12) form.
    [3]
    3. steam generator (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that the grooves (12) and the columns (13) have identical dimensions.
    [4]
    4. steam generator (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that the grooves (12) and the columns (13) have progressively increasing or decreasing dimensions, from the water inlet (3) to the steam outlet (4) going.
    [5]
    5. steam generator (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized gekennzeich¬net that the outer casing (7) and the inner housing (8) are made of anodized aluminum.
    [6]
    6. steam generator (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized gekennzeich¬net that the connection between the outer casing (7) and the inner housing (8) is sealed and is realized with a screw connection.
    [7]
    7. autoclave (1) with a steam generator (2) according to one of claims 1 to 6.
    [8]
    Autoclave (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the steam generator (2) is mounted in the autoclave (1) with a vertical longitudinal axis, and in that the water inlet (3) of the steam generator (2) lies in the lower region. For this 7 sheets drawings
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    引用文献:
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